岩棉（也称为矿棉或石棉）是通过熔化玄武岩并将其纺成纤维制成的惰性栽培基质。它能同时保持水分和空气，是商业水培和育苗中使用最广泛的基质之一。
关键事实
- Inert, pH-neutral substrate — holds no nutrients, so growers have full control
- Excellent water-to-air ratio: retains moisture while maintaining 15–20% air porosity
- Available as propagation cubes (for seed starting and cloning), grow slabs, and granules
- Must be pre-soaked and pH-adjusted to 5.5–6.0 before use
- Non-biodegradable — requires specialist disposal; some operations recycle it
- Compatible with NFT, drip, and top-feed hydroponic systems