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- Vertical orientation multiplies growing capacity in the same floor footprint
- Nutrient solution is pumped to the top and gravity-fed downward past all root zones
- Common for lettuce, herbs, strawberries, and leafy greens
- Popular commercial and home systems include Tower Garden, Zipgrow, and DIY PVC towers
- Root zones remain moist but not submerged β similar to NFT mechanics
- Excellent for balcony and patio growing where floor space is limited