IPM（综合虫害管理）是一种系统的、多层次的方法，用于管理植物病虫害，最大限度地减少化学农药的使用。IPM优先考虑预防、监测和生物防治——引入有益的捕食性昆虫、施用有机喷雾剂，并维持不利于害虫种群的环境条件——然后再采取化学干预。在室内和水培种植中，IPM是维持清洁、低农药作物生产的标准框架。
关键事实
- Prevention: quarantine new plants, maintain hygiene, control humidity and temperature
- Monitoring: weekly scouting for early pest signs — eggs, webbing, sticky traps
- Biological controls: Predatory mites (Phytoseiidae) for spider mites; nematodes for fungus gnats
- Organic sprays: neem oil, insecticidal soap, spinosad, pyrethrin as targeted interventions
- Chemical pesticides: last resort only, with strict pre-harvest intervals
- Record-keeping: tracking outbreaks and interventions improves future prevention