اہم حقائق

• Shallow film of nutrient solution (2–3 mm deep) flows continuously through sloped channels
• Upper roots access atmospheric oxygen; lower roots absorb nutrients from the film
• Highly water-efficient — solution recirculates in a closed loop
• Best suited to fast-growing leafy crops and herbs
• Requires a reliable pump — power outages quickly stress roots
• Channel gradient of 1:30–1:40 (2–3 cm drop per metre) is critical for even flow