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- Must contain all 17 essential plant nutrients in bioavailable ionic form
- Target EC range varies by crop and growth stage: 0.8â3.5 mS/cm for most crops
- Optimal pH for most hydroponic crops: 5.5â6.5 (different elements absorb best at different sub-ranges)
- Temperature affects dissolved oxygen and nutrient uptake â keep at 18â22°C (65â72°F)
- Must be replaced or topped up regularly as plants absorb nutrients and water at different rates
- Recirculating systems require weekly EC and pH monitoring; top off with plain water not full solution