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- Triggered by high temperatures (above 24°C / 75°F for lettuce), long days, or water stress
- Plant shifts energy from leaf production to flowering and seed set
- Leaves become bitter, tough, and unsuitable for fresh eating
- Bolted plants develop a central flower stalk (called a scape in some crops)
- Prevention: maintain cool temperatures, use short-day or heat-tolerant varieties
- Indoor growing advantage: controlled photoperiod and temperature prevents bolting year-round