Germination is the process by which a seed emerges from dormancy and begins active growth, producing a radicle (embryonic root) and a shoot. It is triggered by the combination of sufficient moisture, appropriate temperature, and in some species, light or darkness. In hydroponic growing, seeds are typically germinated in a propagation medium (rockwool cubes, rapid rooter plugs, or damp paper towels) before being transferred to the main growing system once the seedling is established.
Key Facts
- Required conditions: moisture, warmth (20β25Β°C / 68β77Β°F for most crops), and darkness
- First structure to emerge is the radicle (root); then the shoot pushes upward
- Germination rate drops significantly if seeds are stored incorrectly (heat, humidity, light)
- Rockwool cubes and rapid rooter plugs are the most common hydroponic germination media
- Pre-soaking seeds for 12β24 hours in plain water accelerates germination
- Dome and heat mat maintain humidity and temperature for consistent germination rates